Read · Special relativity: from clock operations to electrodynamics · Results

§4 · rods, clocks, and the limit of the model

Follow the introduction and all ten sections, including field transformations, finite light complexes, moving mirrors, charge-current transformations, and the electron-force conventions.

Newly authored explanatory preview in modern notation, with editorial and physics review pending. Both the kinematic and electrodynamic halves are treated, but this is not a German transcription, an aligned translation, or a complete critical edition. The source paragraphs, footnotes, acknowledgment, and date-lines are not claimed to be fully represented or reviewed here. Headings and argument units are editorial.

Use the same measurement protocol

For an inertially moving clock, its own elapsed time is smaller than the coordinate interval between its ticks. A moving rod’s simultaneous coordinate length is smaller than its rest length; neither result is a photographic distortion.

A reunion compares whole paths

Reunited clocks compare elapsed times along different paths between shared meetings. Flat-spacetime path accounting does not predict a real equator-versus-pole clock comparison by itself.